Christian and Jewish tradition has taught that Moses was author of the first five books of the Bible. In contrast to this, academics and scholars developed the Documentary Hypothesis. Starting in the 19th century, biblical scholars could no longer overlook the fact a single source for the Pentateuch was not plausible. Over time, scholars developed the Documentary Hypothesis, according to which the current text of the Pentateuch was edited together from four different sources.
Read Article: Introduction to the Documentary Hypothesis
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