Name and Etymology:
Tlaloc, "He Who Rests on the Land"
Nuhualpilli
Religion and Culture of Tlaloc:
Aztec, Mesoamerica
Symbols, Iconography, and Art of Tlaloc:
Tlaloc is one of the oldest worshipped gods in Mesoamerica â€" the earliest images that can be identified as Tlaloc date to the 1st century CE on vases from Tlapacoya. At this time, Tlaloc is depicted carrying lightning bolts. Aztecs drew Tlaloc with a clay jar or pot in which he kept the waters of the rain. Tlaloc also has jaguar teeth and large eyes â€" some think that Tlaloc was part jaguar, an attribute which may have derived from Olmec religion where the were-jaguar was the primary deity.
Tlaloc is God of:
Rain
Fertility
Lightning
Equivalents in Other Cultures:
Chac, Mayan rain god
Cocijo, Zapotec rain god
Story and Origin of Tlaloc:
Tlaloc was thought to live in caves in the mountains where he guarded large stores of treasures. Perhaps connected to this was his image as a "provider" for the people through the rains. Tlaloc ruled over the third of the five Aztec ages.
Family Tree and Relationships of Tlaloc:
Husband of Chalchihuitlicue
Father of Tecciztecatl
Brother of Huixtocihuatl
Temples, Worship and Rituals of Tlaloc:
In the 1st and 3rd months of the calendar and also during the festival of Hueytozoztli, "great watch," ( festival to encourage the growth of corn) children were sacrificed to Tlaloc by drowning; orphaned children were especially sought after. Tlaloc had a major temple at Tenochtitlan which, with Huitzilopochtli's, made the Hueteocalli, "Great Temple," a double pyramid which was the focus of Aztec religious ritual. Huitzilopochtli's was red for war; Tlaloc's was blue & white for water.
Mythology and Legends of Tlaloc:
Aztecs believed that Tlaloc kept water in a clay jar and when it broke it, this caused the rain. Aztecs also believed that he had three other jugs. The second would cause disease, the third frost, and the fourth would bring complete destruction if he emptied it or if it broke.
With his consort Chalchihuitlicue, Tlaloc ruled the paradise land of Tlalocan, a realm where mortals lived who died from Tlaloc's actions â€" for example being struck by lightning or drowning in a flood. He also ruled over those who died from leprosy and other contagious diseases.
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