Thursday 5 January 2012

Agnosticism / Atheism: What's Hot Now: Chronology of Early Islam

Agnosticism / Atheism: What's Hot Now
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Chronology of Early Islam
Jan 5th 2012, 14:38

Below is timeline of events in the early history of Islam, up to the end of the European Middle Ages. There are three different types of color-coded dates:

Words in red are linked to our glossary - so clicking on them will take you to much more information than can be included in brief chronology like this.

Early Islam
545 Abdullah, the Muhammad's father, was born.
570 Muhammad was born in Mecca
590 - 604 Pope Gregory the Great (c. 540 - 604) begins his liturgical reforms and changes in church administration.
594 Muhammad became the manager of the business of Lady Khadija.
595 Muhammad married Hadrat Khadija.
610 Muhammad had a religious experience on Mount Hira that changed his life.
615 Muhammad invited the Hashimites to adopt Islam.
615 Persecution of Muslims by the Quaraish in Mecca intensified and a group of Muslims leave for Abyssinia (modern Ethiopia).
621 Abu Jahl became leader of a mounting opposition to Muslims in Mecca and organized a boycott of merchants in Mohammad's clan, the Hashim.
622 About 75 converts from Medina took the two Pledges of al-Aqaba, professing to Islam and to protect Muhammad from all danger.
622 Muhammad and his small band of followers migrate to the town of Yathrib in the north. The leaders of that town invited him to come and lead them and were willing to adopt Islam. The Hijrah of 622, the migration, marked the beginning of the Muslim era and the Islamic calendar.
624 Buddhism became the established religion of Japan.
624 Muhammad broke with his Jewish supporters because they refused to recognize him as a prophet and adopt Islam. He chose now to emphasize the Arabness of the new religion and has his followers face Mecca when praying instead of Jerusalem.

In the end, all the Jews were either banished or executed.

March 15, 624 At the Battle of Abdr, Muhammad and his followers defeated an army from Mecca.

Muhammad's chief rival in Mecca, Abu Jahl, was executed.

627 Meccan leader Abu Sufyan (c. 567 - c. 655) laid siege to Muhammad's forces in Medina during the battle of the Trench. Even with 10,000 men he was unsuccessful for the 15 days he was there.

Muhammad suspected the Banu Quraiza Jews of helping the Meccans and had all the men killed.

627 A confederation was created between Muhammad's followers in Mecca and the eight Arab clans in Medina with the Constitution of Medina.
628 Muhammad led about 1,600 men on a pilgrimage to Mecca where their passage was blocked by citizens of Mecca. Fortunately they agreed to negotiate with Muhammad and then later agreed to the Pact of Hudaibiya, ending hostilities and allowing for Muslim pilgrimages.
629 After a group of Muslims was attacked, Muhammad dissolved the Pact of Hudaibiya and prepared to attack Mecca.
630 An army of 30,000 Muslims marched on Mecca which surrendered with little resistance. Muhammad took control of the city and made it the spiritual center of Islam.
632 Muhammad died. His father-in-law, Abu-Bakr, and Umar devised a system to allow Islam to sustain religious and political stability. Accepting the name of caliph ("deputy of the Prophet"), Abu-Bakr begins a military exhibition to enforce the caliph's authority over Arabian followers of Muhammad.

Abu-Bakr then moved northward, defeating Byzantine and Persian forces. Abu-Bakr died two years later and Umar succeeded him as the second caliph, launching a new campaign against the neighboring empires.

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